Bakanae disease / foot rot: Gibberella fujikuroi Symptoms : Infected plants several inches taller than normal plants in seedbed and field Thin plants with yellowish green leaves and pale green flag leaves Drying of seedlings at early tillering Reduced tillerin

Bacterial Leaf Streak :Causal organism: Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola

False smut / Lakshmi disease Symptoms : The fungus transforms individual ovaries/grains into greenish spore balls of velvety appearance. Few to several spikelets in a panicle are affected. Sclerotia present in soil germinate and produce ascospores. They serve

Sheath Blight Symptoms : The fungus affects the crop from tillering to heading stage. Initial symptoms are noticed on leaf sheaths near water level. On the leaf sheath oval or elliptical or irregular greenish grey spots are formed. As the spots enlarge, the ce

Causal organism: Sarocladium oryzae (Syn : Acrocylindrium oryzae)

Rice tungro virus: Rice tungro bacilliform virus (RTBV) and Rice tungro spherical virus (RTSV)

Symptoms : Bacterial blight syndrome exhibits three types of symptoms: leaf blight, kresek (the seedling blight or wilt phase) and the pale-yellow leaf. The disease has been referred to as “bacterial leaf blight” to indicate that the “leaf blight” phase of the

Rice tungro virus: Rice tungro bacilliform virus (RTBV) and Rice tungro spherical virus (RTSV)

Bacterial leaf blight: Causal organism: Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae

Brown Spot or Sesame leaf spot : Causal organism: Helminthosporium oryzae

Symptoms : The grains may be infected by various organisms before or after harvesting causing discolouration, the extend of which varies according to season and locality. The infection may be external or internal causing discoloration of the glumes or kernels

Vector: Brown plant hopper Nilaparvata lugens Symptoms : Diseased hills are severely stunted with excessive tillering and a very upright growth habit Diseased hills has a grassy and rosette appearance Leaves short, narrow and yellowish green with numerous smal

Rice yellow dwarf: Candidatus phytoplasma Symptoms : The infected plants are stunted and have yellowish green to whitish green leaves. There is excessive tillering and leaves became soft and droop slightly. Root growth is also reduced significantly. Chlorosis

Symptoms : Zonate lesions of alternating light tan and dark brown starting from leaf tips or edges Lesions oblong with light brown halos in mature leaves Coalescing of lesions result in blighting of a large part of the leaf blade The affected areas dry out giv

Symptoms: The fungus attacks the crop at all stages of crop growth from seedling to late tillering and ear heading stage. Symptoms appear on leaves, nodes, rachis, and glumes. On the leaves, the lesions appear as small bluish green flecks. The lesions soon enl

Tungro virus disease is transmitted by leafhoppers, wherein the most efficient vector is the green leafhopper, Nephotettix virescens . The disease complex is associated with rice tungro baciliform virus (RTBV) and rice tungro spherical virus (RTSV). RTBV canno

Mode of spread and survival: The pathogen survives in soil and in the infected stubbles and on collateral hosts Leersia spp., Plantago najor, Paspalum dictum, and Cyanodon dactylon. The pathogen spreads through irrigation water and also through rain storms. Ma

Mode of spread and survival: Presence of the virus sources. Presence of the vector. Age and susceptibility of host plants. Synchronization of the three above factors. All growth stages of rice plant specifically the vegetative stage.

Pathogen: H. oryzae produces brown septate mycelium. Conidiophores may arise singly or in small groups. They are geniculate, brown in colour. Conidia are usually curved with a bulged center and tapered ends. They are pale to golden brown colour and are 6-14 se

Pathogen : The mycelium is hyaline to olivaceous and septate. Conidia are produced in clusters on long septate, olivaceous conidiophores. Conidia are pyriform to ellipsoid, attached at the broader base by a hilum. Conidia are hyaline to pale olive green, usual

ETL : 60 numbers in 12 wet palm sweeps or rolling of half of leaf area of the first and second leaves in 10% of seedlings.

Symptoms of damage: Adults feed on chlorophyll by scraping and causing white parallel streaks. Grubs tunnel through leaf tissues and make blisters near leaf tips. Whitish and membranous leaves. . Identification of insect pest: Egg: Eggs are laid inside minute

Hieroglyphus banian: 1½ inch in length, green, larger with transverse black lines above the pronotum Oxya nitidula: 1 inch in length with transverse brownish lines above the pronotum

Symptoms of damage: Larva causes defoliation Identification of insect pest: Egg: yellow coloured pubescent eggs are found in groups on leaf surface Larva: Yellowish brown with red stripes. Orange head and tufts of hairs all over the body. Pupa: pale white coco

Symptom of damage: Larva feeds on leaf blades of rice. Leaves are defoliated from the margin or tip irregularly Identification of insect pest: Egg: white eggs singly on the leaves Larva: lightly flattened with two red horn processes on the head, two yellow pro

Management: ETL: 10% leaf damage at vegetative phase and 5% of flag leaf damage at flowering

Rice skipper: Pelopidas mathias Symptom of damage: Edges of the leaves are fastened with webbing Backward rolling of leaves Larva feeds from margin to inwards Identification of Pest: Eggs: are white or pale yellow and spherical. They are pearl-like in appearan

Symptom of damage: Larvae cut the seedlings in large scale Cattle grazed appearance in severely infested fields They feed gregariously and march from field to field Identification of insect pest: Egg: eggs are spherical and creamy in colour, which are laid in

Symptoms of damage: Maggot feeds at the base of the growing shoot Feeding causes formation of a tube like gall that is similar to “onion leaf ” or “Silver-shoot”. Infested tillers produce no panicles. Identification of Pest: Egg: The fly lays elongate, cylindr

ETL : 60 numbers in 12 passes or rolling of the first and second leaves in 10% of seedlings.