• Webbed flowers and buds
• Shedding of buds and flowers.
• Bore holes and excreta seen on attacked flowers.

• Larva - small, slender, pinkish brown with black head
• Adult: Grey moth with black patch on wings.

• Spray phosalone 35 EC 2 ml/lit or phosphamidon 40 SL 2 ml/lit.
• Application of neem oil 2% or neem seed kernel extract 5 %.

Fruit fly , Bactrocera (Dacus) dorsalis

• Maggot bore into semi-ripen fruits with decayed spots and dropping of fruits.
• Oozing of fluid
• Brownish rotten patches on fruits.

• Larva - Yellowish apodous maggots.
• Adult - Light brown with transparent wing

• Collect fallen infested fruits and dispose them by dumping in a pit and covering with soil.
• Provide summer ploughing to expose the pupa
• Monitor the activity of flies with methyl eugenol sex lure traps.
• Use bait spray combing any one of the insecticides and molasses or jaggery 10 g/l fenthion 100EC 1ml/l, malathion 50EC 2 ml/l, dimethoate 30 EC 1 ml/l, carbaryl 50 WP 4 g/l. two rounds at 2 weeks interval before ripening of fruits.

• fenthion 100EC 1ml/l,
• malathion 50EC 2 ml/l,
• dimethoate 30 EC 1 ml/l,
• carbaryl 50 WP 4 g/l. two rounds at 2 weeks interval before ripening of fruits.

• Prepare bait with methyl eugenol 1% solution mixed with malathion 0.1%.
• Take 10 ml of this mixture per trap and keep them in 25 different places in one hectare
• Heavy infestation - application of dust and sprays of pyrethrum or BHC
• Spray fenthion 100 EC 2 ml/ lit or malathion 50 EC 2ml/lit.
• Field release of natural enemies Opius compensates and Spalangia philippines

Stem borer, Plocaederus ferrugineus

• Presence of small holes at the collar region
• Gummosis
• Extrusion of frass through the bore holes at the collar region
• Yellowing and shedding of leaves
• Drying up of twigs and gradual death of the tree.

• Adult - medium sized reddish brown beetle.
• Head and thorax - dark brown or almost black.

• Collect and destroy the damaged plants
• Field sanitation
• Swab Coal tar + Kerosene @ 1:2 or Carbaryl 50 WP 20 g / l on the basal portion of the trunk ( 3 feet height)
• After scraping the loose bark to prevent oviposition by adult beetles.
• If infestations are severe then apply the copper oxychloride paste on the trunk of the tree.
• One celphos tablet (3 g aluminum phosphide) per hole
• Apply carbofuran 3G 5 g per hole and plug with mud.

• Field sanitation
• Free from weeds and debris
• Collect and destroy the egg mass
• Burning the groups of larvae found on tree trunks with torches.
• Spray chlorpyriphos 20EC or phosalone 2 ml/l
• Spraying of cypermethrin 0.025%.
• Dusting carbaryl 10 D on the trunk and branches (around the tree 4 feet)
• Field release of chalcidid wasp, Brachymeria sp.

LEAF FEEDERS Leaf webber or Chichoo moth, Nephopteyrx eugraphella

• Caterpillar webs and feed on leaves
• Scrapping chlorophyll content
• Leaves dried and hanging from the webbed shoots
• Caterpillar bores into flower buds and tender fruits - withered and shed.

• Egg - pale yellow colour, oval shaped
• Larva – pinkish in colour, brown stripes on each side of the body.
• Adult: Greyish moth with brown or black spot on the fore wing

• Remove and destruct the infested fruits from the orchard
• Collect and remove the dried clusters of leaf web
• Insecticides: Spray phosalone 35 EC 2 ml/lit or phosphamidon 40 SL 2 ml/lit or neem seed kernel extract 5 %.
• Spray application of cypermethrin 0.025 % affords protection.

5. Hairy caterpillar , Metanastria hytaca

• Caterpillars feed on leaves
• Defoliation

• Larva - yellowish brown with black spots and long lateral tufts of hairs
• Adults: Grayish head and thorax and whitish abdomen.
• Forewings are reddish brown spot ringed with white
• Hind wings are white .

SAP FEEDERS Striped mealy bug: Ferrisia virgata

• Presence of white mealy mass on the terminal shoots and under surface of the leaves
• Yellowing of older leaves

• Adult - Female has long filaments on the posterior end of the body

• Collect and destroy egg masses and caterpillars
• Use burning torch to kill the congregating larvae
• Use light trap to attract and kill the adults
• Spray methyl demeton 25 EC@ 0.05%or dimethoate 30 EC @ 0.06%
• Field release of Cryptoleamus montrouzieri 20 per tree

Green Scale , Coccus viridis

• Nymphs and adults suck the sap from leaves
• Yellowing of leaves

• Nymph: Pale lemon yellow
• Adult: green, flat oval soft scale

• Prune and destroy the infested shoots at initial stage of infestation.
• After two weeks release 20 predator beetles viz., C. montrouzieri beetle per tree.
• Encourage parasitoids viz., Aneristis sp Coccophgagus cowperi , C. bogoriensis