Field diagnostic symptoms

• Small red or purple spots on both surfaces of the leaf.
• White spot encircled by brown margin.

Favourable conditions

Continuous rain, temperature of 28 - 30° C and High Relative humidity.

Survival and mode of spread

Spread through seed and air-borne conidia and infected plant debris.

Integrated Disease Management

• Field sanitation and rouging of infested plants.
• Crop rotation
• Use resistant varieties or hybrids.
• Seed treatment: Captan or Thiram at 2 g/kg.
• Apply Bacillus subtilis or Trichoderma viride 2.5 kg/ha with 250 kg well decomposed Farm Yard Manure.