OR

• Grub tunnels in the sapwood on the trunk or branches
• Grub bore into the sap wood and macking irregular tunnels.
• Feeding the vascular tissues
• interruption of nutrient and water transport on the tissue
• Drying of terminal shoot in early stage
• Frass comes out from several points and some times sap oozes out of the holes
• Wilting of branches or entire tree

• Grub - Linear, fleshy, apodous
• Adult - Grayish beetle with two pink dots and lateral spine

• Remove and destroy dead and severely affected branches of the tree
• Remove alternate host, silk cotton and other hosts
• Grow tolerant mango varieties viz., Neelam, Humayudin.
• Swab Coal tar + Kerosene @ 1:2 or Carbaryl 50 WP 20 g / l (basal portion of the trunk - 3 feet height) after scraping the loose bark to prevent oviposition by adult beetles.
• If infestations are severe then apply the copper oxychloride paste on the trunk of the tree.
• One celphos tablet (3 g aluminum phosphide) per hole
• Apply carbofuran 3G 5 g per hole and plug with mud.

• Remove and destroy dead and severely affected branches of the tree
• Remove alternate host, silk cotton and other hosts
• Grow tolerant mango varieties viz., Neelam, Humayudin.
• If infestations are severe then apply the copper oxychloride paste on the trunk of the tree.
• One celphos tablet (3 g aluminum phosphide) per hole
• Apply carbofuran 3G 5 g per hole and plug with mud.

Bark borer , Indarbela tetraonis

• Young trees may succumb to the attack.
• Caterpillars bore into the trunk or junction of branches
• Caterpillars remain hidden in the tunnel during day time and come out at night, feed on the bark.
• Presence of gallery made out of silk and frass

• Larva - Stout and dirty brown in colour
• Adult
• Stout yellowish –brown moth with brown wavy markings on the forewings
• Hind wings is white colour.
• Males are smaller than the females.

Shoot borer , Clumetia transversa

• Terminal shoots show tunnel from top to down wards.
• Stunting of seedlings with terminal bunchy appearance.

Top

• Larva - Caterpillar is dark pink with dark brown prothroacic shield.
• Adult - Adult is greyish moth with grey wings having wavy lines.

• Field sanitation
• Collect and destroy the infested plant parts
• Summer ploughing to expose the pupae
• Spray carbaryl 50WP 0.1%.

INFLORESCENCE AND FRUIT FEEDERS

Mango hoppers, Idioscopus niveoparsus , I. clypealis, Amirtodus atkinsoni

• Nymphs and adults suck the sap of inflorescence
• Withering
• Shedding of flower buds and flowers
• Presence of honey dew secrecation on lower leaves and development of sooty mould.
• Clicking sound - movement of jassids amidst leaves.
• Hoppers provide shelter in the cracks and crevices of the barks on the tree

• Nymph - Nymphs pale yellow, very active and hide in lower shoots or in cracks in the barks.
• The insect appears in February when mango trees come to flowering.
• Adult a. Idioscopus niveoparsus ; Adults: dark with wavy lines on wings and three spots on scutellum. b. I. clypealis ; Adults: small, light brown with dark spots on the vertex and two spots on scutellum. c. Amirtodus atkinsoni ; Adults: large, light brown with two spots on scutellum.

• a. Idioscopus niveoparsus ; Adults: dark with wavy lines on wings and three spots on scutellum.
• b. I. clypealis ; Adults: small, light brown with dark spots on the vertex and two spots on scutellum.
• c. Amirtodus atkinsoni ; Adults: large, light brown with two spots on scutellum.

• Avoid close planting, as the incidence very severe in overcrowded orchards.
• Orchards must be kept clean by ploughing and removal of weeds.
• Spray two rounds of acephate 75 SP@ 1g/lit or phosalone 35 EC@ 1.5 ml/li

• First spray at the time of panicle emergence , second spray two weeks after first spray.
• Wettable sulphur @ 2 g/lit may be sprayed after spraying carbaryl to avoid mite resurgence.
• The mixture toxaphene with sulphur (1:1) have been reported to be effective against pest.
• Neem oil 5 ml/lit of water can be mixed with any insecticides
• Spray 3 per cent neem oil or neem seed kernel powder extract 5 per cent

Inflorescence midge

• Maggots attack the inflorescence stalk, flowers and small developing fruits
• Maggot bore into the bud and feeds on inner content
• Buds fail to open and drop down

• Larva - A maggot light yellowish colour and moults three times.
• Adult i) a Dasineura amaramanjarae : Orange red ii) b. Erosomyia indica : Yellowish fly iii) c. Procystiphora mangiferae : Light orange fly

• Remove and destroy affected flowers and tender shoots
• Spray dimethoate 30 EC @ 0.06%, methyl demeton 25 EC @0.05%

Aphid, Toxoptera odinae

• Reddish brown aphids suck the sap from leaves, petiole and fruits
• Shedding of flowers.

• Collect and destroy the damaged plant parts along with nymphs and adults
• Dimethoate 30 EC or methyldemeton 25 EC 1 ml/l
• Release coccinelid predators

Flower webber, Eublemma versicolor

• Webbing of flowers and bore holes in inflorescence stalk

• Larva - Greenish yellow with light brown head.
• Adult - Moth has purplish pink or light orange wings.

• Spray phosalone 35 EC 2ml/lit for effective control

Loopers, Thalassodes quadraria, Chloroclystis sp

• Webbed inflorescence and subsequent drying of inflorescence.

a. Thalassodes quadraria :

• Grey greenish looper.
• Adult: green with angular wings

b. Chloroclystis sp:

• Brownish looper .
• Adult: Greyish moth with wavy lines

• Collect and destroy the damaged leaves
• Use light trap 1/ha to attract and kill the adults
• Spray malathion 50 EC 2ml/lit

Bud mite , Aceria mangiferae

• Malformed leaves
• Buds giving bunchy top appearance
• Leading to bud necrosis. Normally occurs during summer.

• Dicofol 18.5 EC 2.5ml/lit or wettable sulphur 50WP 2 g /lit

Fruit fly , Bactrocera (Dacus) dorsalis

• Maggot bore into semi-ripen fruits with decayed spots and dropping of fruits.
• Oozing of fluid
• Brownish rotten patches on fruits.

• Larva - Yellowish apodous maggots.
• Adult - Light brown with transparent wing

• Collect fallen infested fruits and dispose them by dumping in a pit
• Provide summer ploughing to expose the pupa
• Monitor the activity of flies with methyl eugenol sex lure traps.
• Bait spray - combing any one of the insecticides and molasses or jaggery 10 g/l, fenthion 100EC 1ml/l, malathion 50EC 2 ml/l, dimethoate 30 EC 1 ml/l, carbaryl 50 WP 4 g/l. two rounds at 2 weeks interval before ripening of fruits. Biological control Field release of natural enemies Opius compensates and Spalangia philippines

• fenthion 100EC 1ml/l,
• malathion 50EC 2 ml/l,
• dimethoate 30 EC 1 ml/l,
• carbaryl 50 WP 4 g/l. two rounds at 2 weeks interval before ripening of fruits.

• Field release of natural enemies Opius compensates and Spalangia philippines

Mango nut weevil , Sternochaetus mangiferae

• Grub makes zigzag tunnels in pulp
• Eats unripe tissue and bore into cotyledons
• Fruit dropping at marble stage
• oviposition injuries on marble sized fruits.
• Tunnelled cotyledons in mature fruit by grubs.

• Grub - A full grown grub is legless, fleshly and yellow with dark head.
• Dark weevils after emergence remain inactive, hidden in the cracks and crevices on the trunk
• Adult - Adult is dark brown with a short snout.

• Collect and destroy the fallen fruits
• Spray application of fenthion 100EC 1ml/l; (first at marble stage of the fruit second at 15 days interval).
• During non flowering season direct spray towards the base of the trunk

LEAF FEEDERS Shoot webber: Orthaga exvinacea

• Caterpillar webbing of terminal leaves and scrapes the chlorophyll content
• Drying up plants.

• Larva - Pale greenish with brown head and prothroacic shield.
• Adult - Brown moth with wavy lines on fore wings.

• Remove and destroy the webbed leaves along with larva and pupa
• Spray carbaryl at 50 WP @ 0.1%
• Encourage the activity of predators, carabid beetle Parena lacticincta , reduvid Oecama sp

Leaf gall midges

• Presence of galls on leaves.

• Maggots – are yellowish
• Adult - Tiny mosquito like.

• Spray dimethoate 30 EC or methyldemeton 25 EC @ 2ml/lit.

Leaf twisting weevil , Apoderus tranquebaricus

• Twisting, rolling and drying of terminal leaves.

• Grub : yellowish
• Adult : Reddish brown weevil with long snout

Hairy caterpillars, Euproctis fraterna , Prothesia scintillans

• Defoliation.

• Euproctis fraterna Larva - yellowish with brown head, yellowish stripe with central red line black hairs dorsally on first three segments Adult - yellowish moth with black spots.

• Larva - yellowish with brown head, yellowish stripe with central red line
• black hairs dorsally on first three segments
• Adult - yellowish moth with black spots.

• Larva - Reddish with red head surrounded by whitish hairs
• Adult - yellowish moth with transverse line on the fore wings.

• Collect and destroy egg masses and caterpillars
• Use burning torch to kill the congregating larvae
• Use light trap to attract and kill the adults
• Spray chlorpyriphos 20 EC or quinalphos 25 EC 2ml/lit

Scales

• Both nymphs and adults desap the leaves cause yellowing.

• Adult - White, elongate, hard scale

• Pruning of infested branches and burning
• Dimethoate or phosphomidon are effective

Gaint mealybug , Drosicha mangiferae

• Drying of leaves and inflorescence
• Presence of pinkish nymphs and adult mealy bugs on fruit and fruit stalk.

• Pinkish nymph

• Remove weeds like Clerodendrum inflortunatum and grasses by ploughing during June-July.
• Band the trees with 20 cm wide alkalthene of polythene (400 gauge) in the middle of December

(50 cm above the ground level and just below the junction of branching).

• Stem with jute thread and apply a little mud of fruit tree grease on the lower edge of the band.
• If necessary apply methyl parathion1ml/lit, chlopyriphos 20EC 2.5 ml/l
• Release of Australian ladybird beetle, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri @ 10/tree

Red ant , Oecophylla smaradina

• Webbed of leaves with ants forming nests.

• Reddish ant, queen – olive green in colour