Crop name: Red gram Scientific Name : Cajanus cajan Family : Leuminacaceae I. Borers II. Sap feeders III. Leaf Feeders IV. Flower Feeder

Scientific Name : Cajanus cajan

Family : Leuminacaceae

I. Borers

II. Sap feeders

III. Leaf Feeders

IV. Flower Feeder

Symptoms of damage

Symptoms

• Defoliation in early stages
• Larva’s head alone thrust inside the pods and the rest of the body hanging out.
• Pods with round holes

Identification of the pest

• Eggs – are spherical in shape and creamy white in colour, laid singly
• Larva - shows colour variation from greenish to brown. Green with dark brown grey lines laterally on the body with lateral white lines and also has dark and pale bands.
• Pupa – brown in colour, occurs in soil, leaf, pod and crop debris
• Adult - light pale brownish yellow stout moth. Fore wing grey to pale brown with V shaped speck.Hind wings are pale smoky white with a broad blackish outer margin.

Adult

Management

• For pod borers, raise one row of sunflower as intercrop for every 9 rows of pigeon pea and plant maize as border crop.
• Pheromone traps for Helicoverpa armigera 12/ha 115
• Bird perches 50/ha
• Mechanical collection of grown up larva and blister beetle
• Ha NPV 3 x1012 POB/ha in 0.1% teepol
• Apply any one of the following insectcides:
• Azadirachtin 0.03 % WSP 2500-5000 g/ha
• Bacillus thuringiensis serovar kurstaki (3a,3b,3c) 5%WP1000-1250 g/ha
• Dimethoate 30% EC 1237 ml/ha
• Emamectin benzoate 5% SG 220 g/ha
• Indoxacarb 15.8% SC 333 ml/ha
• Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC 150ml/ha
• Spinosad 45%SC 125-162 ml/ha
• NSKE 5% twice followed by triazophos 0.05%
• Neem oil 2%
• Phosalone 0.07% (Spray fluid 625 ml/ha) Note : Insecticide / Ha NPV spray

• Bird perches 50/ha
• Mechanical collection of grown up larva and blister beetle
• Ha NPV 3 x1012 POB/ha in 0.1% teepol
• Apply any one of the following insectcides:
• Azadirachtin 0.03 % WSP 2500-5000 g/ha
• Bacillus thuringiensis serovar kurstaki (3a,3b,3c) 5%WP1000-1250 g/ha
• Dimethoate 30% EC 1237 ml/ha
• Emamectin benzoate 5% SG 220 g/ha
• Indoxacarb 15.8% SC 333 ml/ha
• Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC 150ml/ha
• Spinosad 45%SC 125-162 ml/ha
• NSKE 5% twice followed by triazophos 0.05%
• Neem oil 2%
• Phosalone 0.07% (Spray fluid 625 ml/ha) Note : Insecticide / Ha NPV spray

• Bird perches 50/ha
• Mechanical collection of grown up larva and blister beetle
• Ha NPV 3 x1012 POB/ha in 0.1% teepol
• Apply any one of the following insectcides:
• Azadirachtin 0.03 % WSP 2500-5000 g/ha
• Bacillus thuringiensis serovar kurstaki (3a,3b,3c) 5%WP1000-1250 g/ha
• Dimethoate 30% EC 1237 ml/ha
• Emamectin benzoate 5% SG 220 g/ha
• Indoxacarb 15.8% SC 333 ml/ha
• Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC 150ml/ha
• Spinosad 45%SC 125-162 ml/ha
• NSKE 5% twice followed by triazophos 0.05%
• Neem oil 2%
• Phosalone 0.07% (Spray fluid 625 ml/ha) Note : Insecticide / Ha NPV spray

• Buds, flowers and young pods with boreholes
• Presence of slug like caterpillar.
• Honey dew secretion with black ant movements

• Larva – It is flat and slightly rounded; Pale green with a rough skin.
• Adult - moth is greyish blue with prominent black spots in the hind wings and a long tail; Ventral side of wings with numerous stripes and brown spots

• Avoid dense and close planting
• Avoid early or late sowing
• Regular soil digging cause death of larvae and pupae
• Egg parasitoid, Trichogramma spp.,
• Larval parasitoids, Hyperencyrtus lucoenephila and Litrodromus crassipes
• Carbaryl 50 WP@ 1000 kg / ha

• Buds, flowers and young pods with boreholes and presence of slug like caterpillar.
• Larval entry hole on the pod is plugged with excreta.

• Larva - pale green or yellow with a red line and short black hairs on the body.
• Adult - butterfly is blue, medium sized with 5 black spots in the hind wings and two black spots in the inner margin.

Management of pod borer complex

• ETL 10% affected parts
• Deep summer ploughing in 2-3 years to eliminate quiescent pupa.
• Early sowing, short duration varieties.
• Avoid closer plant spacing.
• Grow tall sorghum as comparison crop to serve as biological bird perches
• Collect and destroy larvae and adults to the extent possible
• Install pheromone traps at a distance of 50 m @ 5 traps/ha for each insect pest.
• Install Bird perches @ 50/ha.
• Setting of light traps (1 light trap/5 acre) to kill moth population.
• Control is achieved by releasing of Trichogramma chlionis at weekly intervals @1.5 lakh/ha/ week for four times.
• Conserve green lacewing, predatory stink bugs, spider, ants
• Application of NPV 250 LE /ha with teepol 0.1% and Jaggery 0.5% thrice at 10 – 15 days interval commencing from flowering stage. (Note: Insecticide / Ha NPV spray should be applied when the larvae are in early stage).
• Bt @ 600 g, neem oil/ pungum oil 80 EC @ 2ml/lit
• Spray NSKE 5% twice followed by triazophos 0.05%.
• Apply any one of insecticides at 25 kg/ha quinalphos 4D, carbaryl 5D
• Spray insecticide Quinalphos 25 EC @ 1000 ml/ha.

• ETL 10% affected parts
• Deep summer ploughing in 2-3 years to eliminate quiescent pupa.
• Early sowing, short duration varieties.
• Avoid closer plant spacing.
• Grow tall sorghum as comparison crop to serve as biological bird perches
• Collect and destroy larvae and adults to the extent possible
• Install pheromone traps at a distance of 50 m @ 5 traps/ha for each insect pest.
• Install Bird perches @ 50/ha.
• Setting of light traps (1 light trap/5 acre) to kill moth population.
• Control is achieved by releasing of Trichogramma chlionis at weekly intervals @1.5 lakh/ha/ week for four times.
• Conserve green lacewing, predatory stink bugs, spider, ants
• Application of NPV 250 LE /ha with teepol 0.1% and Jaggery 0.5% thrice at 10 – 15 days interval commencing from flowering stage. (Note: Insecticide / Ha NPV spray should be applied when the larvae are in early stage).
• Bt @ 600 g, neem oil/ pungum oil 80 EC @ 2ml/lit
• Spray NSKE 5% twice followed by triazophos 0.05%.
• Apply any one of insecticides at 25 kg/ha. chlorpyriphos 1.5 % DP, quinalphos 4D, carbaryl 5D
• Spray insecticides like Carbaryl 10% DP (or) Quinalphos 25 EC @ 1000 ml/ha.

• Pin head size holes on pods
• Small spiny caterpillars and pupae seen on the pods

• Larva - is greenish brown, fringed with radiating hairs and spines
• Adult - is delicate, brown coloured small moth with plumed wings.

Management:

• ETL: 5/plant
• Bird perches 50/ha
• Mechanical collection of grown up larva and blister beetle
• Ha NPV 3 x1012 POB/ha in 0.1% teepol
• Apply any one of the following insectcides:
• Azadirachtin 0.03 % WSP 2500-5000 g/ha
• Bacillus thuringiensis serovar kurstaki (3a,3b,3c) 5%WP1000-1250 g/ha
• Dimethoate 30% EC 1237 ml/ha
• Emamectin benzoate 5% SG 220 g/ha
• Indoxacarb 15.8% SC 333 ml/ha
• Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC 150ml/ha
• Spinosad 45%SC 125-162 ml/ha
• NSKE 5% twice followed by triazophos 0.05%
• Neem oil 2%
• Phosalone 0.07% (Spray fluid 625 ml/ha) Note : Insecticide / Ha NPV spray

• ETL: 5/plant
• Bird perches 50/ha
• Mechanical collection of grown up larva and blister beetle
• Ha NPV 3 x1012 POB/ha in 0.1% teepol
• Apply any one of the following insectcides:
• Azadirachtin 0.03 % WSP 2500-5000 g/ha
• Bacillus thuringiensis serovar kurstaki (3a,3b,3c) 5%WP1000-1250 g/ha
• Dimethoate 30% EC 1237 ml/ha
• Emamectin benzoate 5% SG 220 g/ha
• Indoxacarb 15.8% SC 333 ml/ha
• Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC 150ml/ha
• Spinosad 45%SC 125-162 ml/ha
• NSKE 5% twice followed by triazophos 0.05%
• Neem oil 2%
• Phosalone 0.07% (Spray fluid 625 ml/ha) Note : Insecticide / Ha NPV spray

• Bore holes on the buds, flower or pods
• Infested pods and flowers are webbed together.

• Larva - Greenish white with brown head. It has two pairs of dark spots on the back of each segment
• Adult - Forewings - light brown colour with white markings; Hindwings – white colour with brown markings at the lateral edge

• Dropping of flowers and young pods
• Older pods marked with a brown spot where a larvae has entered

• Larva – greenish initially, turns pink before pupation.
• It has 5 black spots on the prothorax

• Brownish grey moth
• Prothorax – orange in colour
• Fore wing - has a white stripe along the anterior margin

The larva bores inside the pod and feeds on the seeds within.

• The larva bores inside the pod and feeds on the seeds within.

• Larva - greenish having brown lateral marking
• It has humped anal segment

• Larva - greenish having brown lateral marking
• It has humped anal segment

• Moths are yellowish brown in colour
• Forewings - yellow coloured with ‘V’ shaped specks
• Hindwings – has pale brown markings
• Management Put bird perches @ 50/ha
• Mechanical collection of grown up larva and blister beetle

• Moths are yellowish brown in colour
• Forewings - yellow coloured with ‘V’ shaped specks
• Hindwings – has pale brown markings
• Management Put bird perches @ 50/ha
• Mechanical collection of grown up larva and blister beetle

• Dark brown encrustation on the pod wall
• Dry pods showing pin head size hole ,
• Seeds shriveled, striped and partially eaten

• Drooping of the tender leaves and – seedling wilt
• Yellowing of young plants.
• Stem become swollen and start ribbing where maggot and pupae are present

• Maggot- Small yellow coloured
• Adult - Tiny black fly

• Soil application of carbofuran 3G @ 15 kg/ha at sowing
• Spray Imidacloprid 70 % WG 500 ml/ha a week after germination and second round 10 days after first round or NSKE 5%
• Timely sowing also minimizes the attack of the pest

Riptortus pedestris

• Pods with black spots
• Shedding of green pods
• Poorly filled pods with shriveled grains inside

• Brownish black and hemispherical
• Nymphs – resemble dark brown ants

• Cluster on the plant parts and suck the sap

• Nymphs and Adult - sub globular, oval and greenish shield bug
• It has a characteristic buggy odour

• Leaves, inflorescence stalk and young pods covered with dark coloured aphids
• Honey dew secretion with black ant movements

• Nymphs and Adult – dark coloured with cornicles in the abdomen

• ETL :20/2.5 cm shoot length

Spray any one of the following :

• Methyl demeton 25 EC 500 ml/ha
• Dimethoate 30 EC 500 ml/ha

• Leave mottled and yellowish in colour
• Green colour insects found under surface of leaves

• Leave mottled and yellowish in colour
• vector of yellow mosaic virus

• Adult – elongate , active, wedge shape, green insects

• Adults -are small, yellow bodied insects with white wings which are densely covered with a waxy powder.
• Nymphs and pupae -are black and round or oval. Pupae have marginal bristles

Management of sucking pests

• Shaking the infested plants over the vessels of oil and water or oily cloth gives most effective
• Spray methyl demeton 25 EC 500ml or dimethoate 30 EC 500 ml or phosphomidon 85 WSC 250 ml/ha

• Shaking the infested plants over the vessels of oil and water or oily cloth gives most effective
• Spray dicofol 2ml/lit or wettable sulphur 2g/lit of water

• Vector of red gram sterility mosaic virus

• Nymphs & Adult – white in colour
• Very small microscopic and vermiform llike with two pairs of anteriorly located legs

• Leaves folded together

• Larva- green coloured
• Adult – yellowish brown moth with an oblique black line on the wings

• Leaves rolled up apically and become white and dried up

• Larva- creamy yellow

• leaves folded together with tender shoots showing bore holes

• Larva- stout, long, smooth yellow with brown head

• leaves with large irregular papery mines on the dorsal surface

• Larva- orange coloured caterpillar

Management of leaf feeder

• Apply Quinalphos 25 % EC 25 kg/ha

• The adult feeds voraciously on buds and flowers.

• Eggs - are light yellowish in colour and cylindrical in shape.
• Larva - Young grubs are white in colour.
• Adult – Elytra are black in colour with a round orange spot and two transverse wavy orange bands across the wings.

• Manual collection or collection with insect net and killing of adults in kerosenized water appears to be the only possible solution.

• Flower webbed together

• Larva -is green with a black head and long white hairs on the body
• Adult
• Forewings – yellow colour with purple patches
• Hind wings -white

• Spraying of 0.03% of dimethoate or the mixture of dimethoate 0.03% and Quinalphos 25% EC