1. Seedling Wilt : Fusarium sp ., Colletotrichum sp.,and Rhizoctonia
2. Leaf rot: Cylindrocladium quinquiseptatum
3. Last Spot, Twig Blight and Flower Bud shedding: Gloeosporium gleosporioides

1. Seedling Wilt : Cylindrocladium sp ., Fusarium sp ., Colletotrichum sp ., Rhizoctonia sp ., and Trichoderma sp

Symptom

• Seedling wilt is found mainly in nurseries and causes five to 40% death of seedlings. Leaves of affected seedlings loose natural lustre, tend to droop and ultimately die.
• The root system and collar region of the seedling show varying degrees of, discolouration and decay.

Management

• Since the infected seedlings promote spread of the disease they are to be removed and destroyed and the nursery is drenched with Copper oxychloride 0.25 %.

2. Leaf rot: Cylindrocladium quinquiseptatum

• It is noticed in the nurseries as well as in the main field both at young and mature stages.
• Infection starts as dark spots at the leaf margin and spreads sometimes with no definite pattern.
• Rotting may be in the whole leaf or at the tip resulting in defoliation.

• Seedling and young plants can be sprayed with systemic fungicides Carbendazim 0.1%.

3. Last Spot, Twig Blight and Flower Bud shedding: Gloeosporium gleosporioides

• Necrotic spots of variable size and shapes are noticed on the leaves.
• Severely affected leaves wither, droop down and dry up.
• In nursery seedlings die back symptoms are seen. Twigs are infected as the symptoms extend from the leaves through petioles.
• The affected branches stand without leaves or only with young leaves at tips. Flower buds are attacked by spreading infection from the twigs.
• Shedding of flower buds occurs during periods of heavy and continuous rainfall.

• Spraying 0.25% Copper oxychloride at monthly interval reduces disease intensity, defoliation and flower bud shedding.
• Initial spray is given just prior to flower bud formation and continued till the harvest of buds.