Sap feeders Citrus aphids Black aphid : Toxoptera aurantii, Brown aphid : Toxoptera citricida

• Feed on tender foliage and flowers.
• Transmit tristeza virus disease.
• Nymphs and adults suck the sap of leaves
• Wilting and flower dropping
• Infested leaves - cup shaped and crinkled
• Growth of the plants is hindered.

• Use yellow sticky trap
• Spray with methyl demeton (Metasystox) or dimethoate (Rogar) 2ml /lit
• Use some concinellid beetles and syrphid flies

Citrus Black fly, Aleurocanthus woglumi

• The cell sap is sucked from the leaves - piercing stylet
• Leaf curling.
• Leaves fall off immaturely.
• Honey dew secrecation development of sooty mould fungus.
• Leaf turns to black in colour and affects photosynthetic activity of the leaves.
• Affected trees produce - few blossoms which develop into inspid fruits.

• Nymphs - are flattened, oval in shape and scale like in appearance.
• Adult - minute insect, shiny black with grey dusting on the body.
• Wings are extending beyond the tip of the abdomen.

• Nymphs - are flattened, oval in shape and scale like in appearance.
• Adult - minute insect, shiny black with grey dusting on the body.
• Wings are extending beyond the tip of the abdomen.

• Collect and destroy the damaged plant parts along with nymphs, pupa and adults
• Spray with 2 ml of chloropyriphos per litre of water
• Ffemale lays eggs on lower surface of leaves in a form of three (15-22 eggs/whorl) whorls
• The entire plant canopy should be drenched with the solution.
• Encourage activity of parasitoids, Encarsia sp ., Eretomocerus serius and chlysoperla sp .

• Collect and destroy the damaged plant parts
• Spraying with systemic insecticides at flush growth periods
• Encourage the activities natural enemies such as Syrphids and Chrysopids

• Collect and destroy the damaged plant parts
• Spraying with systemic insecticides at flush growth periods
• Encourage the activities natural enemies such as Syrphids and Chrysopid

Citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri

• Both nymphs and adults suck sap from the plants and injection of toxic saliva.
• Nymphs - are more destructive, crowd on the terminal shoots, buds and tender leaves
• Excrete honeydew - growth of sooty moulds.
• Affected plant parts dry and die away
• It is transmits the "Greening" virus

• Both nymphs and adults suck the sap from the cells of tender branches and fruits
• Turn pale colour
• Affected plant parts - wilt and dry up

• Large amounts of honey dew excrete - sooty mould fungus.
• Fungus covers the foliage and fruits
• In severe infestation the flowers do not form fruits.

Eggs – are laid in clusters, protective cottony mass

• Eggs – are laid in clusters, protective cottony mass
• Nymphs – are amber coloured with white waxy coating with filaments
• Adult - Male is winged, long antenna and without mouth parts .
• Female is wingless, flat body and short, waxy filaments along the margins

• Collect and destroy the damaged leaves, twigs and stems
• Debark branches and apply methyl parathion paste
• Use sticky trap (5cm length) on fruit bearing shoots
• Spray dichlorvas 0.2% in combination with fish oil rosin soap 25g/lit
• Single soil application of aldicarb 10G at 50g/tree at the time of pruning
• Soil treatment with chlorophyriphos apply on the near the tree trunk
• Spraying of trees with acephate, methomyl, or chlorpyriphos.
• Field release of Australian lady bird beetle Cryptoleamus montrouizeri 10 per tree

• Adult pierce the fruit and suck the juice
• Rottening at the feeding site
• Fruit dropping

• Larva – orange blue and yellow spots on velvety dark speckled on the body

• Adult – stout moth and orange coloured wing
• Otheris materna – three black spots on the fore wing

• Destroy the weed host Tinospora cardifolia and coccules pendules
• Bag the fruit with polythene bag (500 gauge)
• Apply smoke to prevent adult moth
• Trap crop – growing tomato crop in orchards to attract the adult moth
• Poison bait dilute suspension of fermented molasses and malathion 0.05% (50 EC at 1ml/lit)
• Use light trap or food lure to attract moths

• dilute suspension of fermented molasses and malathion 0.05% (50 EC at 1ml/lit)

Citrus thrips , Thrips nilgiriensis

• Nymphs and adults lacerate the leaf tissue and suck the sap from fruits
• Leaf curling
• Ring like appearance on the fruit
• Irregular mottled patches on rind

• Adult – yellowish, fringed wing

Cottony cushion scale, Icerya purchasi

• Nymphs and adults suck the sap from leaves
• Honey dew excretion
• Development of sooty mould fungus

• White, ribbed masses that hold up to 800 red eggs.
• Nymphs are red with black legs and antennae.
• Adults are covered in white hair.

• Spray dormant oil in late winter before spring.
• Spray horticultural oil, if needed, year round.
• Apply mixture of manure compost tea, molasses, citrus oil.
• Garlic-pepper tea also helps.
• Natural predators usually keep this insect in check.
• Control ants and dust which can give the scale a competitive advantage.
• Field release of vedalia and Australian ladybugs.

Leaf feeder Citrus leaf miner, Phyllocnistic citrella

• Caterpillars are attacked tender leaves and feed on the epidermis
• Making silvery appearance presence on the lower surface of leaves
• Leaves – distorted and crinkled
• Severe attack caused defoliation
• Encourage the incidence of citrus canker

• Eggs – are minute, flattened presence on the lower side of the midrib
• Larvae – minute, yellowish or reddish and apodous.
• Settled down on the edge of the folded leaves
• Adult – minute moth, black spot at the tip of the fore wing

• mixed in a litre of water at weekly intervals at the time of emergence of new flush.

• Spray application of NSKE 5%

Citrus butterfly , Papilio demolious, P. Polytes, P.helenus

• Caterpillars prefers on light green tender leaves
• Feeding voraciously and leaving only the mid-ribs
• Severe infestation the entire tree gets defoliated.

• Early stage larva resembles bird dropping
• Grown up larva – cylindrical, stout, green and brown lateral bond
• Adult Dark brown swallowtail butterfly with numerous yellow marking

• Dark brown swallowtail butterfly with numerous yellow marking

Life cycle Grown up larva

• Hand pick the larvae and destroy
• Field release of parasitoids Trichogramme evanescens and Telenomus sp on eggs
• Brachymeria sp on larvae and Pterolus sp . on pupae.