Pasteurization The process of heating milk to kill pathogens that may be harmful to humans. Pasture A fenced area of forage, usually improved, on which animals are grazed. Pesticide Used to destroy pests. Fungicides (destroys fungus), herbicides (destroys plants), insecticides (destroys insects), and nematicides (destroys nematodes) are all pesticides. Perennial A plant that lives for more than two years. Permanent pasture Pasture of perennial or self-seeding annual plants maintained through several years of grazing. Photosynthesis The process plants use to change air and water into food, using the sun's energy. Polled Naturally hornless cattle; having no horns. Progeny The offspring Parboiling (rice) Parboiling treatment before milling and it involves soaking the paddy in water, steaming it in hot water and drying it in the sun. Parboiling makes husk removal easier, toughens the grain which results in reduced breakage during milling and polishing and improve the keeping quality of rice. Also parboiled rice retains more nutrients while processing and cooking. Parthenocarpy The development of fruit without fertilization phenomenon of seedless fruit production. Pathogen Any micro-organisms or virus that lives and feeds (parasitically) on or in a larger host organisms and thereby injures it. Physical dormancy Dormancy due to impermeable seed coat. Plant quarantine It may be defined as a restriction imposed by appropriate authority on the production, movement or existence of plants and plant material. Post-emergence application It is the term employed when weed killers are applied to a crop after it has emerged through the soil surface.