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Production · Protection · Nutrients · Water
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Stem end rot: Botryodiplodia theobromae

Symptoms :

  • It incites a stem end rot and a surface fruit rot.
  • It usually induces a wider and softer water-soaked margin and greater internal discolouration.
  • Sporulating lesions of B.theobromae are black and have a rough surface caused by the erumpent, confluent arrangement of pycnidia.
  • The disease development is more rapid on ripe and half ripe fruits.
  • The rot begins as dark green, water-soaked spots.
  • Later, the affected portion becomes shriveled and turns dark brown.
  • Numerous pycnidia of the pathogen appear on the diseased portion.
  • The infection of fruit stalk results in fruit drop.

Management :

  • Hot water treatment 49°C for 20 minutes.

Image source: http://postharvest.ucdavis.edu/PFfruits/PapayaPhotos/?repository=29612&a=83507 http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/nelsons/papaya/1_stem_end_rot_botryodiplodia1.jpg

Stem end rotWater- soaked marginBlack pycnidia on fruit