• Yellowing, drooping and withering of leaves.
• The plant gradually wither, show wilting symptoms.
• Infected portions of root and stem show long, dark black streaks of vascular necrosis.

Identification pathogen

• Micro conidia : Hyaline, single celled and oval.
• Macro conidia : Slightly sickle shaped and two to five celled.

Favourable Conditions

• High temperatures and warm moist soil.
• The optimum soil temperature for root infection is 30ºC or above.

Mode of Spread and Survival

• The fungus survives as chlamydospores in the soil.
• Primary spread: Infected seeds and plant debris in the soil.
• Secondary spread: Conidia disseminated by rain splash and irrigation water.

• Soil application of T. viride @ 2.5 kg / ha + 500 kg of well decomposed FYM or sand at 30 days after sowing.
• Spot drench with carbendazim 50 WP @ 1 g/1 litre water