• Nymphs and adults suck the juice from bark of the trunk or fruits
• Weakening and death of the smaller plants
• Infested twigs shrivel and die
• Galls on the roots
• White, woolly patches on the trunk.

• Purplish aphid covered with white cottony mats

• Use resistant root stocks M 778, M 779, MM 14, MM 110, MM 112
• Spray dimethoate 30 EC 0.06% or methyl demeton 25 EC 0.025%
• Release the parasitoid: Aphelinus mali
• Predators: Chilomenus bijugus and Coccinella septumpunctata

San Jose scale , Quadraspidiotus perniciosus

• The infested region in bark becomes reddish pink
• Purple discolouration on fruits.
• Infested shoots – loss of vigour and death of young tree or branches

• Female : Round, slightly convex with a black pustule
• Male : Linear.

• Select nursery stock free scale infestation
• Fumigate nursery stock with HCN gas or methyl bromide
• Summer spray with phosalone 50 EC 0.05% or fenitrothion 50 EC 0.05%
• Winter spray with diesel oil emulsion at 8-12 l/ tree ( diesel oil 4.5 l, soap 1 kg, water 54 -72 l)
• Encourage the activity of parasitoids: Prospaltella perniciosi and Aspidiotophagus sp
• Field release of coccinellid, Chilocorus circumdatus predator

Codling moth , Cydia (=Carpocapsa) pomonella

• Caterpillar bore into the fruits and feed on the pulp
• Infested leaves and fruits show tunnels with frass

• Larva - Pinkish-white caterpillar with black or mottled black head
• Adult - small greyish moth, chocolate brown patches near the tip of foreswings

• Field sanitation
• Collect and destroy the infested fruits and cocoons
• Banding - corrugated cardboard bands should be applied to tree trunks
• Use sex pheromone trap
• Mass trap males with codling moth lure traps
• Release egg parasitoids, Trichogramma embryophagum at 2000/tree
• Apply Virosoft CP4 Granulovirus Codling moth larvae must eat the virus before they enter the fruit Spray DDVP 0.04% Apply diazinon, acetempride (4 application per season) during egg laying stage

• Codling moth larvae must eat the virus before they enter the fruit
• Spray DDVP 0.04%
• Apply diazinon, acetempride (4 application per season) during egg laying stage

Cottony cushion scale , Icerya purchasi

• Nymph and adults suck the sap from leaves and twigs
• Yellowing of leaves.

• Female with a cottony ovisac.
• Nymph - Pinkish crawler, long antenna and group of hairs.

• Select healthy and pest free rootstock
• Collect and destroy the infested plant parts
• Spray application of neem oil 2% , NSKE 5%
• Spray application of chlorpyriphos 20 EC 0.04% with sticking agent
• Field release of some coccinelid predators and chilocorus nigritus

Stem borer , Apriona cinera

• Grub provide circular holes and mass of excreta
• Chewed up wood particles protruding out;
• Bark gnawed and leaves defoliated
• Shoots with circuitous galleries and the infested trees stunted

Grub - Creamy yellow with dark brown, flat head

• Grub - Creamy yellow with dark brown, flat head
• Adult - Ashy grey beetle with numerous black tubercles at the base of elytra.

• Prune the branches containing grubs before they entered the tree trunk
• Inject 10 ml of monocrotophos 36 WSC and plug with wet clay to kill the grub