Symptom Leaf spots initially are angular, translucent, light green, later developing into grayish-white irregular necrotic (dead) patches. The stems of flower clusters become swollen. Frequently associated with white rust. May develop late in the season on tur

Symptom White to creamy yellow pustules develop on the lower leaf surface. The pustules, later coalesce to form patches on the lower leaf surface. Tan-yellow spots develop on the upper leaf surface opposite the pustules. Pustules may also form on the pods. Inf

Symptom The stems develop water-soaked spots which later may be covered with a cottony white growth. As the disease progresses, affected portions of the stem develop a bleached appearance, and eventually the tissues shred. Girdling of the stem results in prema

Symptom The stems develop water-soaked spots which later may be covered with a cottony white growth. As the disease progresses, affected portions of the stem develop a bleached appearance, and eventually the tissues shred. Girdling of the stem results in prema

Painted bug: Bargrada hilaris (cruciferarum) Symptoms of damage : Young plants wilt and wither as a result of the attack Adult bugs excrete resinous substances which spoils the pods Identification of the pest: Adult: Bug is black in colour with red and yellow

Mustard aphid: Lipaphis erysimi Symptoms of damage : Both nymphs and adults suck the sap from leaves, buds and pods Curling may occur in infested leaves and at advanced stage plants may wither and die Plants remain stunted and sooty molds grow on the honey dew

Leaf miner: Chromatomyia horticola (Phytomyza atricornis) Symptoms of damage: Young maggot mines zig-zag galleries in the leaves Identification of the pest: Larva: small, whitish maggot Management: Spray 5% neem seed kernel extract (NSKE) Young maggot mines zi

Cabbage head borer: Hellula undalis Symptoms of damage: Caterpillars initially mine the leaves and make it white papery Later they feed on leaves and bore into stems Entrance hole is covered with silk and excreta Identification of the pest : Larva: Pale whitis

Mustard saw fly: Athalia lugens proxima Symptoms of damage: Initially the larva nibbles leaves, later it feeds from the margins towards the midrib The grubs cause numerous shot holes and even riddled the entire leaves by voracious feeding They devour the epide

Newly hatched larvae feed initially on the chlorophyll of young leaves and later on older leaves, buds and pods, make webbings and live within Severely attacked plants are defoliated Seeds in the pods are eaten away Identification of the pest : Larva : Pale ye

Whitish patches due to scrapping of epidermal leaf tissues by young larvae The leaves give a withered appearance but in later stages larvae bore holes in the leaves It also bores into pods and feeds developing seed Identification of the pest : Larva: Yellowish