Districts: Thiruvallur, Villuppuram, Kancheepuram, Cuddalore, Thiruvannamalai, Vellore

Geographical distribution of area

• The zone can be broadly divided into six geographical tracts.
• The coastal plain comprising the Northern plain (Thiruvallur, Vellore, Kancheepuram, Thiruvannamalai, Villupuram, part of Cuddalore, Perambalur and Ariyalur).

• A considerable portion is hilly and mountainous undulating with hillocks.

• The Eastern ghats comprising a line of hills, the Javadis, Shevaroys, Kalrayans, Pachamalais and Kollimalais between the Palar and Cauvery rivers and beyond, and linked with the tail of Cuddapah in the Nilgiri hills.
• The central plateau undulating between the eastern and western ghats, with the Palghat gap between the Nilgiris and the Annamalai hills on the west
• Western ghats comprise the highest mountains of the peninsula. The Nilgiris located on the Northern side of the Palghat gap form a compact area of about 2950 km.
• There are some back water lag on adjoining the coast around Cuddalore, Marakkanam and Pichavaram.

Principal crops The principal crops of this zone are rice (7.4 lakh ha), millets (2.52 lakh ha), pulses (2.743 lakh ha), sugarcane (2.646 lakh ha) and cashew (7038 lakh ha).

Cropping pattern suggested for different weather conditions 1. Kancheepuram district

• Mean annual rainfall (mm) -1253.8
• Cold weather period (Jan.-Feb) -27.2
• Summer (March-May) -66.7
• South West monsoon season (June-Sept) -462.7
• North East monsoon season (Oct.-Dec.) -697.2

a. Tankfed areas: tank alluvium -heavy clay and laterite soils Existing

Existing

• Rice (Aug.-Jan.) - rice (Jan.-April)

• Rice (Aug.-Jan.) - rice (Jan.-April)
• Rice (Aug.-Jan) - maize (Jan.-April)

Normal year

Moderate drought year

• Maize/sesame/pearl millet/vegetables (lablab, clusterbean, brinjal) (Aug.-Nov.) - pulses (Dec.-Mar)

Severe drought year

• Wheat / fodder maize/fodder cowpea/vegetables (lab lab / cluster bean / bhendi) (Nov.-Feb.)

b. Well irrigated areas: laterite, red and black soils Existing

• Sugarcane (Dec.-Jan.) - ratoon sugarcane (Jan.-Nov.) - rice (Dec.-May) - groundnut (June-Sep./Oct.) - 3 year rotation

• Rice (Aug.-Jan.) - rice (Jan.-April.) - groundnut (April-June)
• Rice (Aug.-Nov.)-rice (Dec.-March) - rice(Mar-July)
• Banana (July-Aug.) - ratoon banana (Sep.-Aug.) Vegetables (Sep.- Feb.) - Maize (Feb.-May) - 3 year rotation

• Rice/vegetables/marigold(June-Oct.) - maize (Oct.-Jan.) - pulses (Feb.-May)

• Maize (June-Sep.) - cabbage / knolkhol (Oct.-Feb.) -pulses (Feb.-May)
• Maize (June-Sep) - rice (Oct-Feb)– pulses (Feb-May)
• Rice/vegetables/marigold(June-Oct.) - maize (Oct.-Jan.) - pulses (Feb.-May)

(Oct.-Feb.)

(Feb-May)

• Rice (Aug.-Jan.) - groundnut (Feb.-April) - gingelly
• Sugarcane (Dec.-Jan.) - ratoon sugarcane (Jan.-Nov.) - rice (Dec.-May) - groundnut (June-Sep./Oct.) - 3 years rotation

• Sugarcane (Dec.-Jan.) - ratoon sugarcane (Jan.-Nov.) - rice (Dec.-May) - groundnut (June-Sep./Oct.) - 3 years rotation

• Sambangi (Tuberose) (June-May) - 2 year rotation
• Sunflower (May-Aug.) – marigold (Sep.-Dec.)
• Maize (June-Sep.) – marigold (Oct.-Feb.) - pulses (Feb.-May)
• Chrysanthemum (May-March) - ratoon chrysanthemum - 2 years rotation

• Sweet sorghum** (Jun-Sep) – sugarbeet* (Nov-Feb) – Gingelly (Feb- May)

• Vegetables (Jun.-Sept.) – sugarbeet* (Sept.-Feb) – pulses (Feb-May)
• Groundnut (Jun-Sept) – sugarbeet* (Sept.-Feb) – Sweet sorghum** (Feb-May)

• Vegetables (Jun.-Sept.) – sugarbeet* (Sept.-Feb) – pulses (Feb-May)
• Groundnut (Jun-Sept) – sugarbeet* (Sept.-Feb) – Sweet sorghum* (Feb-May)

• Vegetables (Jun.-Sept.) – sugarbeet* (Sept.-Feb) – pulses (Feb-May)
• Groundnut (Jun-Sept) – sugarbeet* (Sept.-Feb) – Sweet sorghum* (Feb-May)

• Vegetables (Jun.-Sept.) – sugarbeet* (Sept.-Feb) – pulses (Feb-May)
• Groundnut (Jun-Sept) – sugarbeet* (Sept.-Feb) – Sweet sorghum*

• Groundnut (Jun-Sept.) – Jatropha* (Sept. sowing)

• Groundnut (Jun-Sept.) – jatropha* (Sept. sowing)
• Sugarcane (Dec.-Jan.) - ratoon sugarcane (Jan.-Nov.) - rice (Dec.-May) - groundnut (June-Sep. /Oct.) - 3 years rotation

• Groundnut (Jun-Sept.) – jatropha* (Sept. sowing)

• Groundnut (Jun-Sept.) – jatropha* (Sept. sowing)

• Groundnut (Jun-Sept.) – jatropha* (Sept. sowing)

• Jatropha* (Sept. sowing)

• Jatropha* (Sept. sowing)
• Groundnut (Jun-Sept) – jatropha* (Sept. sowing) (under drip irrigation)

• Jatropha* (Sept. sowing)

• Jatropha* (Sept. sowing)

• Jatropha* (Sept. sowing)

• Vegetables / sunflower / maize (May-Aug.) – gingelly (Oct.-Jan.) – green manure (Feb.-March)

• Vegetables (May-July) - maize/sunflower (Aug.-Dec.) - groundnut / gingelly (Jan.-April)

• Groundnut (Jun-Sept) – jatropha* (Sept. sowing) (under drip irrigation)

• Groundnut (Jun-Sept) – jatropha* (Sept. sowing) (under drip irrigation)

• Groundnut (Jun-Sept) – jatropha* (Sept. sowing) (under drip irrigation)

• Groundnut (Jun-Sept) – jatropha* (Sept. sowing) (under drip irrigation)

• Maize (Jun-Sept) – sugarbeet* (Sept.-Feb) – pulses (Feb-Apr)

• Maize (Jun-Sept) – sugarbeet* (Sept.-Feb) – pulses (Feb-Apr)

• Maize (Jun-Sept) – sugarbeet* (Sept.-Feb) – pulses (Feb-Apr)

• Maize (Jun-Sept) – sugarbeet* (Sept.-Feb) – pulses (Feb-Apr)

• Maize (Jun-Sept) – sugarbeet* (Sept.-Feb) – pulses (Feb-Apr)

• Pearl millet/sorghum/Periwinkle*/senna* (July-Oct.) ­wheat (Nov- Feb)-clusterbean / watermelon (Feb-May)

c. Rainfed areas: lateritic, red and black soils Existing

• Pearl millet (June-Sep.) - groundnut (Oct.-Feb.)
• Gingelly (June-Sep.) - groundnut (Oct.-Feb.)
• Groundnut (June-Sep.) - pulses (Dec.-Mar.)
• Groundnut (June-Sep.) - ragi (Nov.-Feb.)
• Groundnut (June-Sep.) - gingelly(Dec.-Mar.)

• Pearl millet (June-Sep.) - groundnut (Oct.-Feb.)

• Pearl millet (June-Sep.) - groundnut (Oct.-Feb.)
• Gingelly(June-Sep.) - groundnut (Oct.-Feb.)
• Groundnut (June-Sep.) - gingelly(Oct.-Feb.)

• Maize (June-Sep.) - groundnut (Oct.-Feb.)
• Rice (July-Nov.)
• Groundnut / maize (July-Nov.)
• Aswagantha* (June-Jan.) - pulses (Jan.-April)
• Groundnut (July-Oct.) - coriander (Nov.-Jan.)
• Gingelly(June-Sep.) - groundnut (Oct.-Feb.)
• Groundnut (June-Sep.) – gingelly (Dec.-Mar.)

• Maize + pulses (July-Dec.) -pulses (Jan.-April)

• Horsegram / pearl millet / pulses / ragi / minor millet (Oct.-Jan.)

2. Thiruvallur district

• Mean annual rainfall (mm) -1147.3
• Cold weather period (Jan.-Feb) -30.5
• Summer (March-May) -63.2
• South West monsoon season (June-Sept) -449.5
• North East monsoon season (Oct.-Dec.) -604.1

a. Tankfed areas: tank alluvium (heavy clay and red soils) Existing

• Rice (Aug.-Jan.) -pulses / groundnut (Jan.-April)

• Rice/vegetables/watermelon (Aug.-Jan.)- groundnut/ gingelly /pulses (Feb.-May)

• Ragi/maize/pearl millet and clusterbean (Aug.-Jan.) -pulses / sesame/ vegetables /watermelon (Feb.-April)
• Pulses (June-Sep.) - wheat (Nov.-Feb.)
• Tapioca (Aug.-May)

• Wheat/fodder (Nov.-Feb.)

b. Well irrigated areas: red and laterite soils Existing

• Rice (April-Aug.) - groundnut (Sep.-Dec.) -vegetables/gingelly (Jan.- March)

• Banana (July-May) - ratoon banana (June-March) -vegetable (April – July) - maize (July-Oct.) - rice (Oct.-Jan.) - 3 years rotation
• Normal year

• Rice (April-Aug.) - groundnut (Sep.-Dec.) -vegetables / gingelly (Jan.- March)

• Vegetables (June-Oct.) - maize (Oct.-Jan.) - pulses (Feb.-May)
• Maize (June-Sep.) - cabbage / knolkhol (Oct.-Feb.) - Pulses (Feb.-May)
• Maize (Jun-Sep)-marigold (Oct-Feb)-pulses (Feb-May)
• Chrysanthemum (May-March) - ratoon chrysanthemum - 2 years rotation

• Vegetables (June-Oct.) - maize (Oct.-Jan.) - pulses (Feb.-May)
• Maize (June-Sep.) - cabbage / knolkhol (Oct.-Feb.) -pulses (Feb.-May)
• Maize (June-Sep.) – marigold/ ragi (Oct.-Feb.) -pulses (Feb.-May)
• Chrysanthemum (May-March) - ratoon chrysanthemum (2 years rotation)

• Rice (Aug.-Jan.)-groundnut (Feb.-Apr)-gingelly (April -June)
• Sweet sorghum* (Jun-Sep) – sugarbeet* (Nov-Feb) – Gingelly (Feb- May)

• Sweet sorghum* (Jun-Sep) – sugarbeet* (Nov-Feb) – Gingelly (Feb- May)

• Banana (July-May) - ratoon banana (June-March) - vegetable (April – July) - maize (July-Oct.) - rice (Oct.-Jan.) - 3 years rotation Moderate drought year

• Vegetables (May-July) - maize/sunflower/ groundnut / pulses /sesame/pearl millet/water melon (Aug.-Jan.)

• Vegetables (May-July) - maize/sunflower (Aug.-Dec.) – groundnut/gingelly (Jan.-April)

• Pearl millet/sorghum / Periwinkle* / senna*/vegetables (lab lab / cluster bean / bhendi) (July-Oct.) - wheat / vegetables (lab lab /cluster bean/ bhendi / water melon) (Nov.-Feb.)
• Jatropha* (Sept. sowing)

c. Rainfed areas: laterite and red soils Existing

• Dry rice (June-Aug.) - pulses / vegetables / gingelly (Sept.-Jan.)
• Pulses (June-Sep.) – groundnut / gingelly (Sep.-Feb.)
• Groundnut (June-Sep.) – gingelly (Oct.-Feb.)

• Groundnut (June-Sep.) – gingelly (Oct.-Feb.)
• Gingelly (June-Sep.) - groundnut (Oct.-Feb.)

• Dry rice (June-Aug.)- maize/vegetable/ groundnut / pulses (Sept.- Jan.)

• Groundnut (June-Sep.) - pulses/gingelly (Oct.-Feb.)
• Pulses (June-Sep.) - groundnut / gingelly (Sep.-Feb.)
• Maize (June-Sep.) - groundnut (Oct.-Feb.)
• Aswagandha* (June-Jan.) pulses/lablab (Feb.-May)
• Dry rice (June-Aug.)-maize/vegetable/ groundnut / pulses (Sept.- Jan.) Moderate drought year

• Maize/sunflower/groundnut/pulses (Oct.-Jan.)
• Tapioca + groundnut (June-Feb.)
• Groundnut (June-Sep.) - pulses / gingelly (Oct.-Feb.

• Pearl millet / ragi / horsegram / sunflower / minor millets/pulses / aloe* (Oct.-Jan.)

3. Villupuram district

• Mean annual rainfall (mm) -1030.0
• Cold weather period (Jan.-Feb) -35.1
• Summer (March-May) -77.1
• South West monsoon season (June-Sept) -433.0
• North East monsoon season (Oct.-Dec.) -484.8

a. Command areas (Sathanur) - Heavy clay and sandy soils Existing

a. Command areas (Sathanur) - heavy clay and sandy soils Existing

• Rice (Aug.-Jan.) -pulses/gingelly (Jan.-April)

• Rice (Aug.-Jan.) -pulses / gingelly (Jan.-April)
• Rice (Aug.-Jan) – pulses/sesame/maize (Jan.-April)

• Maize/pearl millet (Aug.-Dec.)-pulses (Jan.-March)

• Pearl millet / sorghum / fodder (Oct.-Jan.)
• Vegetables (lab lab / cluster bean / bhendi) (Oct.-an.) for heavy soils

• Pearl millet / sorghum / fodder (Oct.-Jan.)
• Cluster bean/vegetable beans (Oct-Jan.) in heavy soils

b. Tank fed areas: tank alluvium (heavy clay and laterite soils) Existing

• Rice (Aug.-Jan.) -pulses (Jan.-April)

• Rice (Aug.-Jan.) – pulses (Jan.-Apr.)

• Pearl millet (Aug.-Jan.) - pulses (Feb.-April) Pulses (June-Sep.) – wheat (Nov.-Feb.) Severe drought year

• Wheat / fodder (Nov.-Feb.)

• Wheat / fodder (Nov.-Feb.)

c. Well irrigated areas: laterite, red and black soils Existing

• Rice (Aug.-Jan.) - groundnut (Feb.-April) – gingelly (April - June)

• Rice (Aug.-Jan.) - groundnut (Feb.-April) – gingelly (April - June)
• Maize (June-Sep) – marigold (Oct.-Feb.)- pulses (Feb.-May)
• Vegetables (June-Oct.) - maize (Oct.-Jan.) - pulses (Feb.-May)
• Vegetables (Jun.-Oct) – sugarbeet* (Nov.-Feb) – pulses (Feb-May)
• Sugarcane (Dec.-Jan.) – ratoon sugarcane (Jan.-Nov.)-rice (Dec.-May) - groundnut (June - Sep./Oct.) - 3 years rotation

• Rice (Aug.-Jan.) - groundnut (Feb.-April) – gingelly (April - June)
• Maize (June-Sep.) – marigold (Oct.-Feb.) - pulses (Feb.-May)
• Vegetables (June-Oct.) - maize (Oct.-Jan.) - pulses (Feb.-May)
• Vegetables (Jun.-Sept.) – sugarbeet* (Sept.-Feb) – pulses (Feb-May)
• Groundnut (Jun-Sept) – sugarbeet* (Sept.-Feb) – Sweet sorghum* (Feb-May)
• Groundnut (Jun-Sept.) – jatropha* (Sept. sowing)
• Sugarcane (Dec.-Jan.) - ratoon sugarcane (Jan.-Nov.) - rice (Dec.-May) - groundnut (June-Sep./ Oct.) 3 years rotation

• Sugarcane (Dec.-Jan.) – ratoon sugarcane (Jan.-Nov.)-rice (Dec.-May) - groundnut (June - Sep./Oct.) - 3 years rotation

• Vegetables (lab lab / cluster bean / bhendi) (May-July) – maize/sunflower (Aug.-Dec.) - groundnut / gingelly (Jan.-April)

• Maize (Jun-Sept) – sugarbeet* (Sept.-Feb) – pulses (Jun-Sept)

• Pearl millet / sorghum / Periwinkle* / senna* (July-Oct.) - wheat (Nov.-Feb.) – lab lab / cluster bean / bhendi / watermelon (Feb-May)

• Pearl millet / sorghum / Periwinkle* / senna* (July-Oct.) - wheat

d. Rainfed areas: laterite, red and black soils Existing

• Pearl millet (June - Sep.) - groundnut (Oct.-Feb.)
• Gingelly (June-Sep.) - groundnut (Oct.-Feb.)
• Groundnut (June-Sep.) – gingelly (Oct.-Feb.)

• Maize /pearl millet (June-Sep.)-groundnut (Oct-Feb)
• Gingelly (June-Sep.) - groundnut (Oct.-Feb.)
• Groundnut (June-Sep.) - pulses (Oct.-Jan.)
• Ashwaganda* (June-Jan)-pulses (lablab) (Feb-May)

• Maize (heavy soils)/sunflower + pulses / gingelly (Oct.- Jan.) Severe drought year

• Pearl millet / horsegram / sunflower / minor millets / pulses (Oct.- Jan.) – sugarbeet* (Sept.-Feb) – pulses (Feb-Apr)

• Pearl millet / horsegram / sunflower / minor millets / pulses (Oct.- Jan.)

4. Thiruvannamalai district

• Mean annual rainfall (mm) -1039.8
• Cold weather period (Jan.-Feb) -31.3
• Summer (March-May) -102.9
• South West monsoon season (June-Sept) -465.8
• North East monsoon season (Oct.-Dec.) -439.8

• Rice (Aug.-Jan.) - pulses / gingelly(Jan.-April)

• Rice/maize (Aug.-Jan.) - pulses/gingelly (Jan.-Apr.)

• Groundnut / maize (Aug.-Dec.) - pulses (Jan. - Apr)

• Rice (Aug.-Jan.) - groundnut (Feb.-April) – gingelly (Apr.-June)

• Rice (Aug.-Jan.) - groundnut (Feb.-April) – gingelly (Apr. - June)
• Sugarcane (Dec.-Jan.) - ratoon sugarcane (Jan.-Nov.) ­rice (Dec.-May) – groundnut (June-Sep.) – 3 years rotation

• Vegetables (June-Oct.) - maize (Oct.-Jan.) - cotton / pulses (Feb.-May)
• Maize (June-Sep.) – marigold (Oct.-Feb.) - pulses (Feb.-May)
• Vegetables (Jun.-Sept.) – sugarbeet* (Sept.-Feb) – pulses (Feb-May)
• Groundnut (Jun-Sept) – sugarbeet* (Sept.-Feb) – Sweet sorghum*

• Vegetables (May-July) - maize/sunflower (Aug.-Dec.) - pearl millet /

groundnut / gingelly/ palmarosa (Jan.-April)

(Nov.-Feb.) - cluster bean / lab lab / bhendi /water melon (Feb.-May)

c. Rainfed areas: red, laterite and heavy clay soils Existing

• Groundnut / maize (June-Sep.); Groundnut / pulses / fingermillet

• Maize (heavy soils) / sunflower + ragi/pulses (Oct.-Jan.)

• Pearl millet / horsegram / minor millets / pulses (Oct-Jan.)
• Aloe* (Oct. -Jan)

5. Vellore district

• Mean annual rainfall (mm) -915.4
• Cold weather period (Jan.-Feb) -18.2
• Summer (March-May) -102.2
• South West monsoon season (June-Sept) -442.0
• North East monsoon season (Oct.-Dec.) -353.0

• Rice (Aug.-Jan.) - pulses (Jan.-April)

• Rice/vegetables (Aug.-Jan.) - gingelly/ pulses (Feb-­May)

• Pearl millet / sorghum (Aug.-Jan.) - pulses / ragi / maize (Feb.-May)
• Pulses (June-Sep.) - wheat (Nov.-Feb.)

• Sugarcane (Dec.-Jan.) - ratoon sugarcane (Jan.-Nov.)­rice (Dec.-May) – groundnut (June-Sep./Oct.) -3 years rotation

• Rice (Aug.-Jan.) - groundnut (Feb.-April) – sesame/ pulses/maize / greens (April-June)

• Banana (July-Aug.) - ratoon banana (Sep.-Aug.) -vegetable (Sep.-Feb.) - maize (Feb.-May) 3 years rotation

• Banana (July-Aug.) - ratoon banana (Sep.-Aug.) -vegetable (Sep.-Feb.) - maize (Feb.-May) 3 years rotation

• Sugarcane (Dec.-Jan.) - ratoon sugarcane (Jan.-Nov.)­ - rice (Dec.-May) - groundnut (June-Sep./Oct.) -3 years rotation

• Rice (Aug.-Jan.) - groundnut (Feb.-April) - sesame/ pulses/maize (April - June)

• Vegetables (May-July) - maize/sunflower / ragi (Aug-Dec.) – groundnut/gingelly (Jan.-Apr.) Groundnut (Jun-Sept) – jatropha* (Sept. sowing) (under drip irrigation)

• Pearl millet/sorghum/ Periwinkle* / senna* (July-Oct.) ­wheat (Nov.- Feb.) - cluster bean / bhendi / lab lab / watermelon (Feb.-May)

c. Rainfed areas: red and laterite soils Existing

• Pearl millet / sorghum (June-Sep.) - groundnut (Oct.-Feb.)
• Gingelly (June-Sep.) - groundnut (Oct.-Feb.)
• Maize (June-Sep.) - groundnut (Oct.-Feb.)
• Groundnut (June-Sep.) – gingelly (Oct.-Feb.)

• Pearl millet/sorghum(June-Sep.)-groundnut (Oct-Feb.)
• Aswagantha* (June-Jan.) - pulses (Feb.-May)
• Groundnut (June-Sep.) – gingelly (Oct.-Feb.)

• Maize (heavy soils) / sunflower/ gingelly (Oct.-Jan.)

6. Cuddalore district

• Mean annual rainfall (mm) -1248.1
• Cold weather period (Jan.-Feb) -65.6
• Summer (March-May) -92.4
• South West monsoon season (June-Sept) -373.6
• North East monsoon season (Oct.-Dec.) -716.5

a. Command areas (Chidambaram and Kattumannarkoil areas): heavy clay soils Existing

• Rice (June-Sep.) - rice (Oct.-Jan.) - pulses / gingelly (Feb.-May)
• Rice (Aug.-Jan.) - pulses/sesame/cotton (Jan.-Apr)
• Sugarcane (Dec.-Nov.) - ratoon sugarcane (Dec.-Nov.) - rice (Dec.-May) - groundnut (June-Sep./Oct.) -3 years rotation

• Sugarcane (Dec.-Nov.) - ratoon sugarcane (Dec.-Nov.) - rice (Dec.-May) - groundnut (June-Sep./Oct.) -3 years rotation

• Rice (June-Sep.) - rice (Oct.-Jan.) - pulses/gingelly (Feb.-May)
• Rice (Aug.-Jan.) - pulses/sesame/cotton (Jan.-April)
• Maize /vegetables/pulses/sesame/green manure (June-Sep.) - rice (Aug.-Feb.) - pulses (Feb.-May)

• Maize/vegetables/sesame/green manure (Jun.-Sep.) - rice (Aug.-Feb.) - gingelly (Feb.-May) Severe drought year

• Millets/green manure/gingelly (June-Sep.) - maize/ fodder (Oct.-Feb.) – gingelly (Feb.-May) b. Tankfed areas: tank alluvium (heavy clay soils)

• Rice (Aug.-Jan.) -pulses (Jan.-Apr.)

• Rice/vegetables (Aug.-Jan.) - gingelly/ pulses (Feb-May)

• Pearl millet + cluster bean (Aug.-Jan.) - pulses (Feb.-April)
• Pulses (June-Sep.) - wheat (Nov.-Feb.)

• Wheat / fodder / pulses (Nov.-Feb.)

• Sugarcane (Dec.-Jan.) - ratoon sugarcane (Jan.-Nov.) - rice (Dec.-May) - groundnut (June-Sep./ Oct.) 3 years rotation

• Rice (Aug.-Jan.) - groundnut (Feb.-Apr.) – gingelly (Apr.-June)

• Vegetables (May-July) - maize/sunflower (Aug.-Dec.) groundnut gingelly (Jan.-April)

• Pearl millet / sorghum / Periwinkle* / senna* (July-Oct.) - wheat (Nov.-Feb.) - cluster bean / bhendi / lab lab/ watermelon (Feb.-May)

d. Rainfed areas: laterite and black soils Existing

• Maize/pearl millet (Jun.-Sep)-groundnut (Oct-Feb)
• Groundnut (June-Sep.) - pulses / gingelly (Oct.-Jan.)
• Ashwagandha (June – Jan.) (June-Jan.) - pulses/gingelly (Feb.-May)

• Maize (heavy soil) / sunflower / sesame/ varagu (Oct.-Jan.)

• Pearl millet / horsegram /sunflower / minor millets / pulses (Oct.- Jan.)

• Perennial crop - 12% of cultivable area Mango, sapota, jack, casuarina, cashew, Jatropha*, gliricidia, simarouba

• Dairy, sheep and poultry
• Sericulture
• Biofuel crops are recommended only with industrial tie-up
• Medicinal plants are recommended only with buy back arrangement